The main difference in the operation of anti-corruption laws in Libya compared to other international jurisdictions lies in the challenges posed by the country’s fragmented political landscape. Libya's ongoing political instability, characterised by competing governments, and a lack of coordination, severely undermines the enforcement of anti-corruption laws. The effectiveness of these laws is further compromised by weak enforcement mechanisms and widespread lack of accountability, which have allowed corrupt practices to persist with minimal consequences. This contrasts sharply with other international jurisdictions where more robust legal frameworks and stronger institutional enforcement mechanisms ensure greater effectiveness in combating corruption.