The Supreme Petroleum Council (SPC) is the highest regulatory authority overseeing oil and gas extraction in Kuwait. Established by Emiri Decree on the Establishment of the Supreme Petroleum Council 1974 on 26 August 1974, the SPC is tasked with formulating general policies for the petroleum sector to ensure the preservation, sustainable exploitation, and optimal investment of the country’s oil and gas resources. These policies aim to integrate petroleum activities into Kuwait's economic and social development framework.

In addition to the SPC, the Ministry of Oil plays a crucial role in implementing and enforcing these policies. It regulates the oil and gas sector, ensuring compliance with applicable laws and overseeing the activities of key entities like the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC).