When Egypt Law No. 12/2003 on the Labour Law was issued, it was intended to regulate employment relationships.

Additionally, Egypt Law No. 12/2003 sought to overcome some of the constraints and defects which occurred during the period of implementing the previous labour law while observing the majority of members of the parliament that are employee biased.

In addition, several Ministerial Decrees have been issued to date and are considered complimentary to Egypt Law No. 12/2003.

Egypt Law No. 12/2003 was introduced as a replacement for Egypt Law No. 137/1981 Labour Law, and it excludes from its scope of application public servants, whether in local governmental or public authorities, employers' legal dependants as well as housekeepers.

Egypt Law No. 12/2003 consists of six parts as follows:

• Part 1: Definitions and general provisions.

• Part 2: Individual employment relationships.

• Part 3: Professional training and guidance.

• Part 4: Collective employment relationships.

• Part 5: Occupational health and safety and securing the labour environment.

• Part 6: Labour inspection, judicial authorities and sanctions.