Recognising the need for ensuring the validity of electronic signatures and digital documents, Egypt enacted Egypt Law No. 15/2004 On E-signature and Establishment of the Information Technology Industry Development Authority (ITIDA), which regulates e-signatures and establishes the Information Technology Industry Development Authority (ITIDA). Egypt Law No. 15/2004 acknowledges the growing role of electronic transactions and aims to promote its use while ensuring its validity, security, and enforceability.

• The scope of application of Egypt Law No. 15/2004 extends to include all types of electronic communications and transactions, including contracts, agreements, and official documents. It covers both the public and private sectors and applies to individuals, businesses, and government entities.

• Article 1(c) of Egypt Law No. 15/2004 defines electronic signatures as “each letter, number, symbol or any other sign displayed on an electronic document, which has a unique character indicating and distinguishing the signatory”. Meanwhile, electronic documents are defined as “any document containing information that are wholly or partially created, integrated, stored, sent, or received electronically, digitally, optically, or via any other similar means”.