As the world prepares for the next UN Climate Change Conference, UN Experts have issued a Communication requesting information from Saudi Aramco, their financiers, and their respective home countries concerning their role and their policies to address climate change. This Communication, while not binding, represents the first time that a Middle Eastern company faces scrutiny for its alleged contribution to negative climate change impacts, and it is likely to be relied on in future climate-related legal proceedings. The Communication represents also a good occasion to reflect on the environmental law framework in the Middle East and the future developments in the region.