International treaties are binding contracts between states. Treaties can be either bilateral treaties (for example, between two states) or multinational treaties (i.e. between many states) Treaties may be established for a region of group of states i.e. NAFTA or GCC states. Treaties are binding to the signatory states by joining and/or ratifying the treaty through their congressional bodies, where ratification comes upon signing of the treaty by the executive authorities of each state. If permissible by the treaty, state(s) can make reservation(s) on specific provision(s) which enable such state to opt out from certain stipulation(s).